acs-language-survey

This is a brief summary of the top non-English and non-Spanish languages spoken per-state in the US.

This report was inspired by a 2014 article by Slate.

The raw dataset was made available by the American Community Survey (a department of the Census Bureau) and is available for download here.

Reporting on the data follows.

Alaska

630423 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
104	Yupik	17997	2.85%
78	Tagalog	13062	2.07%
102	Inupik	5062	0.80%
27	Russian	3864	0.61%
65	Korean	3639	0.58%
15	German	3618	0.57%
7	French	2039	0.32%
91	Samoan	1976	0.31%
101	Eskimo	1879	0.30%
64	Japanese	1696	0.27%

Alabama

4320582 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
16	German	10019	0.23%
7	French	7543	0.17%
64	Chinese	6971	0.16%
75	Vietnamese	5484	0.13%
70	Korean	4546	0.11%
110	Arabic	3930	0.09%
42	Hindi	3283	0.08%
69	Japanese	3043	0.07%
112	African languages	2687	0.06%
86	Tagalog	2107	0.05%

Arkansas

2633385 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
15	German	5761	0.22%
69	Vietnamese	4272	0.16%
7	French	4107	0.16%
58	Chinese	3288	0.12%
68	Laotian	3011	0.11%
66	Hmong	2483	0.09%
77	Tagalog	2135	0.08%
99	Arabic	2063	0.08%
64	Korean	1871	0.07%
101	African languages	1199	0.05%

Arizona

5843921 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
113	Navajo	88251	1.51%
15	German	22406	0.38%
70	Chinese	20940	0.36%
81	Vietnamese	16670	0.29%
92	Tagalog	16252	0.28%
7	French	14983	0.26%
149	Arabic	12708	0.22%
122	Apache	11545	0.20%
151	African languages	9785	0.17%
76	Korean	8726	0.15%

California

33748857 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
83	Chinese	926918	2.75%
116	Tagalog	706785	2.09%
97	Vietnamese	460203	1.36%
92	Korean	347778	1.03%
86	Cantonese	219085	0.65%
48	Persian	180269	0.53%
47	Armenian	174358	0.52%
87	Mandarin	173835	0.52%
91	Japanese	143291	0.42%
32	Russian	142278	0.42%

Colorado

4495642 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
14	German	29255	0.65%
80	Vietnamese	18275	0.41%
7	French	17837	0.40%
69	Chinese	16336	0.36%
75	Korean	15469	0.34%
28	Russian	15298	0.34%
132	African languages	11152	0.25%
130	Arabic	8449	0.19%
92	Tagalog	7392	0.16%
74	Japanese	5975	0.13%

Connecticut

3281254 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
11	Italian	38437	1.17%
13	Portuguese	38107	1.16%
7	French	36857	1.12%
27	Polish	36553	1.11%
66	Chinese	22829	0.70%
26	Russian	11817	0.36%
14	German	11445	0.35%
10	French Creole	10304	0.31%
25	Greek	9689	0.30%
41	Hindi	8381	0.26%

District of Columbia

552746 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
7	French	8036	1.45%
103	African languages	6606	1.20%
104	Amharic	3337	0.60%
61	Chinese	2675	0.48%
14	German	2354	0.43%
110	Kru, Ibo, Yoruba	1994	0.36%
11	Italian	1417	0.26%
12	Portuguese	1318	0.24%
101	Arabic	1175	0.21%
10	French Creole	1152	0.21%

Delaware

803548 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
91	African languages	4626	0.58%
57	Chinese	4465	0.56%
7	French	4114	0.51%
14	German	3224	0.40%
11	Italian	2661	0.33%
77	Tagalog	2292	0.29%
89	Arabic	2161	0.27%
39	Hindi	2004	0.25%
98	Kru, Ibo, Yoruba	1743	0.22%
40	Gujarati	1545	0.19%

Florida

17052403 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
12	French Creole	295218	1.73%
8	French	110231	0.65%
14	Portuguese	85380	0.50%
17	German	72578	0.43%
13	Italian	56803	0.33%
103	Tagalog	51064	0.30%
89	Vietnamese	47261	0.28%
76	Chinese	44730	0.26%
159	Arabic	42668	0.25%
31	Russian	31897	0.19%

Georgia

8785436 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
81	Korean	42326	0.48%
141	African languages	41104	0.47%
7	French	39170	0.45%
86	Vietnamese	38420	0.44%
73	Chinese	32213	0.37%
16	German	25995	0.30%
43	Hindi	18922	0.22%
152	Kru, Ibo, Yoruba	15787	0.18%
29	Russian	14574	0.17%
13	Portuguese	14360	0.16%

Hawaii

1194450 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
77	Tagalog	52562	4.40%
62	Japanese	48179	4.03%
85	Ilocano	44591	3.73%
56	Chinese	27588	2.31%
63	Korean	17148	1.44%
107	Hawaiian	16864	1.41%
99	Samoan	11960	1.00%
68	Vietnamese	8110	0.68%
58	Cantonese	6872	0.58%
7	French	4864	0.41%

Iowa

2787519 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
14	German	13267	0.48%
75	Vietnamese	7498	0.27%
29	Serbocroatian	7060	0.25%
64	Chinese	6868	0.25%
7	French	4700	0.17%
117	African languages	3449	0.12%
74	Laotian	3331	0.12%
70	Korean	2692	0.10%
115	Arabic	2507	0.09%
86	Tagalog	2169	0.08%

Idaho

1375973 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
15	German	4826	0.35%
7	French	3277	0.24%
56	Chinese	2205	0.16%
27	Russian	1955	0.14%
61	Japanese	1883	0.14%
30	Serbocroatian	1591	0.12%
14	Portuguese	1563	0.11%
111	Shoshoni	1459	0.11%
78	Tagalog	1191	0.09%
62	Korean	1170	0.09%

Illinois

11942587 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
29	Polish	199034	1.67%
74	Chinese	76514	0.64%
104	Tagalog	74746	0.63%
14	German	51632	0.43%
83	Korean	48083	0.40%
138	Arabic	45342	0.38%
28	Russian	42984	0.36%
11	Italian	42431	0.36%
46	Urdu	41048	0.34%
27	Greek	40561	0.34%

Indiana

5896315 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
14	German	35022	0.59%
68	Chinese	15521	0.26%
7	French	14502	0.25%
74	Korean	6703	0.11%
89	Tagalog	6571	0.11%
117	Arabic	6064	0.10%
79	Vietnamese	5835	0.10%
27	Russian	5703	0.10%
119	African languages	5593	0.09%
73	Japanese	5330	0.09%

Kansas

2580615 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
15	German	13564	0.53%
76	Vietnamese	9951	0.39%
65	Chinese	8506	0.33%
7	French	5422	0.21%
119	African languages	4454	0.17%
75	Laotian	4444	0.17%
117	Arabic	3542	0.14%
71	Korean	3222	0.12%
42	Hindi	2508	0.10%
86	Tagalog	2415	0.09%

Kentucky

3955505 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
15	German	12312	0.31%
7	French	7902	0.20%
65	Chinese	5820	0.15%
29	Serbocroatian	4804	0.12%
71	Japanese	4528	0.11%
116	Arabic	3402	0.09%
77	Vietnamese	3296	0.08%
89	Tagalog	3103	0.08%
72	Korean	2666	0.07%
40	Hindi	2514	0.06%

Louisiana

4043172 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
7	French	138077	3.42%
76	Vietnamese	22995	0.57%
10	Cajun	22867	0.57%
65	Chinese	7415	0.18%
108	Arabic	6935	0.17%
11	French Creole	6297	0.16%
16	German	5480	0.14%
84	Tagalog	2778	0.07%
12	Italian	2605	0.06%
44	Urdu	2244	0.06%

Massachusetts

6087734 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
13	Portuguese	183108	3.01%
76	Chinese	89914	1.48%
7	French	74936	1.23%
11	French Creole	48400	0.80%
12	Italian	47478	0.78%
30	Russian	38723	0.64%
89	Vietnamese	35011	0.58%
142	African languages	25952	0.43%
29	Greek	24793	0.41%
140	Arabic	23600	0.39%

Maryland

5247846 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
144	African languages	60515	1.15%
72	Chinese	54869	1.05%
7	French	47573	0.91%
81	Korean	38832	0.74%
155	Kru, Ibo, Yoruba	29528	0.56%
101	Tagalog	24686	0.47%
16	German	21988	0.42%
30	Russian	19102	0.36%
86	Vietnamese	16813	0.32%
145	Amharic	15465	0.29%

Maine

1244327 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
7	French	52395	4.21%
14	German	4223	0.34%
96	African languages	3291	0.26%
98	Cushite	2243	0.18%
58	Chinese	2001	0.16%
27	Russian	1783	0.14%
69	Vietnamese	1274	0.10%
94	Arabic	1123	0.09%
11	Italian	1020	0.08%
88	Passamaquoddy	919	0.07%

Michigan

9414626 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
140	Arabic	96346	1.02%
15	German	42700	0.45%
77	Chinese	36214	0.38%
7	French	29029	0.31%
30	Polish	28424	0.30%
12	Italian	21861	0.23%
160	Syriac	21214	0.23%
71	Albanian	19134	0.20%
84	Korean	15564	0.17%
83	Japanese	15303	0.16%

Minnesota

4830132 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
126	African languages	49864	1.03%
82	Hmong	46623	0.97%
129	Cushite	27156	0.56%
14	German	25990	0.54%
85	Vietnamese	17328	0.36%
73	Chinese	14651	0.30%
7	French	14350	0.30%
29	Russian	13452	0.28%
84	Laotian	9687	0.20%
124	Arabic	8396	0.17%

Missouri

5480859 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
15	German	24288	0.44%
7	French	14799	0.27%
68	Chinese	14014	0.26%
31	Serbocroatian	11354	0.21%
82	Vietnamese	10976	0.20%
139	African languages	7879	0.14%
77	Korean	7321	0.13%
28	Russian	7051	0.13%
137	Arabic	6390	0.12%
96	Tagalog	5680	0.10%

Mississippi

2705306 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
8	French	5515	0.20%
91	Choctaw	4917	0.18%
67	Vietnamese	4377	0.16%
16	German	3705	0.14%
56	Chinese	3682	0.14%
96	Arabic	2660	0.10%
74	Tagalog	2625	0.10%
39	Hindi	1495	0.06%
98	African languages	1350	0.05%
62	Korean	1211	0.04%

Montana

896668 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
13	German	8786	0.98%
91	Crow	3568	0.40%
8	French	2119	0.24%
83	Blackfoot	1257	0.14%
84	Cheyenne	1174	0.13%
52	Chinese	919	0.10%
57	Japanese	705	0.08%
26	Russian	655	0.07%
70	Tagalog	639	0.07%
92	Dakota	627	0.07%

North Carolina

8405944 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
7	French	27357	0.33%
15	German	21648	0.26%
73	Chinese	20768	0.25%
88	Vietnamese	15811	0.19%
136	Arabic	14838	0.18%
138	African languages	13558	0.16%
83	Korean	12355	0.15%
99	Tagalog	11352	0.14%
44	Hindi	9471	0.11%
85	Hmong	9206	0.11%

North Dakota

598518 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
13	German	10162	1.70%
22	Norwegian	1776	0.30%
28	Serbocroatian	1232	0.21%
7	French	1098	0.18%
89	African languages	992	0.17%
54	Chinese	988	0.17%
80	Hidatsa	806	0.13%
82	Dakota	675	0.11%
68	Tagalog	617	0.10%

Nebraska

1641193 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
74	Vietnamese	6526	0.40%
13	German	6415	0.39%
8	French	4417	0.27%
63	Chinese	4091	0.25%
112	Arabic	3430	0.21%
114	African languages	3424	0.21%
33	Czech	2498	0.15%
68	Japanese	1404	0.09%
38	Hindi	1290	0.08%
84	Tagalog	1150	0.07%

New Hampshire

1237068 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
8	French	27990	2.26%
11	Portuguese	4425	0.36%
53	Chinese	4343	0.35%
14	German	3638	0.29%
23	Greek	2409	0.19%
37	Hindi	2308	0.19%
10	Italian	1941	0.16%
24	Russian	1860	0.15%
93	Arabic	1798	0.15%
25	Polish	1769	0.14%

New Jersey

8100620 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
74	Chinese	100441	1.24%
12	Italian	89120	1.10%
13	Portuguese	83203	1.03%
103	Tagalog	77898	0.96%
82	Korean	71986	0.89%
30	Polish	65656	0.81%
46	Gujarati	61278	0.76%
45	Hindi	51742	0.64%
137	Arabic	48617	0.60%
29	Russian	45114	0.56%

New Mexico

1818055 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
93	Navajo	63027	3.47%
107	Keres	12230	0.67%
117	Zuni	8923	0.49%
14	German	6937	0.38%
62	Chinese	4487	0.25%
115	Tewa	4121	0.23%
7	French	3935	0.22%
73	Vietnamese	3362	0.18%
116	Towa	2161	0.12%
114	Tiwa	2121	0.12%

Nevada

2351179 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
85	Tagalog	51242	2.18%
65	Chinese	18980	0.81%
15	German	9577	0.41%
72	Korean	7868	0.33%
7	French	6740	0.29%
71	Japanese	6363	0.27%
121	African languages	5849	0.25%
77	Vietnamese	5801	0.25%
11	Italian	5417	0.23%
119	Arabic	4946	0.21%

New York

18224612 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
79	Chinese	454479	2.49%
12	Italian	235045	1.29%
30	Russian	230989	1.27%
7	French	143762	0.79%
11	French Creole	135430	0.74%
18	Yiddish	126293	0.69%
88	Korean	106949	0.59%
31	Polish	105138	0.58%
82	Cantonese	100578	0.55%
29	Greek	81020	0.44%

Ohio

10734806 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
16	German	56444	0.53%
76	Chinese	31106	0.29%
7	French	31081	0.29%
130	Arabic	25305	0.24%
132	African languages	23983	0.22%
12	Italian	19876	0.19%
29	Russian	14829	0.14%
28	Greek	13157	0.12%

Oklahoma

3348376 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
72	Vietnamese	13768	0.41%
14	German	9972	0.30%
61	Chinese	7518	0.22%
7	French	5379	0.16%
67	Korean	4743	0.14%
126	Cherokee	4387	0.13%
135	Arabic	4369	0.13%
137	African languages	3884	0.12%
123	Muskogee	3425	0.10%
79	Tagalog	3147	0.09%

Oregon

3498022 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
62	Chinese	22171	0.63%
25	Russian	20958	0.60%
74	Vietnamese	18999	0.54%
13	German	17440	0.50%
69	Korean	12239	0.35%
68	Japanese	11162	0.32%
8	French	10687	0.31%
88	Tagalog	8018	0.23%
137	Arabic	5601	0.16%
32	Ukrainian	5261	0.15%

Pennsylvania

11686497 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
77	Chinese	59127	0.51%
15	German	57016	0.49%
11	Italian	53698	0.46%
7	French	39933	0.34%
31	Russian	32679	0.28%
91	Vietnamese	29669	0.25%
32	Polish	26676	0.23%
86	Korean	26667	0.23%
147	Arabic	25140	0.22%
149	African languages	18664	0.16%

Puerto Rico

3695811 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
8	French	1047	0.03%
37	Chinese	664	0.02%
11	Portuguese	662	0.02%
10	Italian	499	0.01%
13	German	435	0.01%
58	Arabic	262	0.01%
39	Cantonese	178	0.00%
9	French Creole	173	0.00%
19	Swedish	68	0.00%
33	Catalonian	50	0.00%

Rhode Island

993514 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
12	Portuguese	33785	3.40%
7	French	14197	1.43%
11	Italian	9684	0.97%
56	Chinese	6208	0.62%
10	French Creole	5757	0.58%
92	African languages	4033	0.41%
27	Polish	2794	0.28%
66	Laotian	2058	0.21%
14	German	2028	0.20%
34	Armenian	1913	0.19%

South Carolina

4107268 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
7	French	13142	0.32%
16	German	12736	0.31%
67	Chinese	7469	0.18%
86	Tagalog	6379	0.16%
78	Vietnamese	5509	0.13%
111	Arabic	4121	0.10%
29	Russian	3431	0.08%
28	Greek	2841	0.07%
13	Portuguese	2821	0.07%
43	Hindi	2673	0.07%

South Dakota

739597 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
80	Dakota	10600	1.43%
13	German	10219	1.38%
90	African languages	1214	0.16%
62	Vietnamese	1152	0.16%
67	Tagalog	977	0.13%
8	French	816	0.11%
91	Amharic	804	0.11%
24	Russian	802	0.11%
52	Chinese	801	0.11%
86	American Indian	557	0.08%

Tennessee

5736382 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
16	German	13804	0.24%
7	French	12935	0.23%
69	Chinese	11729	0.20%
117	Arabic	10264	0.18%
119	African languages	9991	0.17%
75	Korean	7505	0.13%
80	Vietnamese	7289	0.13%
79	Laotian	6507	0.11%
44	Hindi	5095	0.09%
91	Tagalog	4667	0.08%

Texas

21869156 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
91	Vietnamese	160434	0.73%
78	Chinese	114309	0.52%
16	German	73455	0.34%
165	African languages	64081	0.29%
108	Tagalog	57427	0.26%
7	French	57283	0.26%
48	Urdu	49176	0.22%
86	Korean	49123	0.22%
163	Arabic	45461	0.21%
46	Hindi	42238	0.19%

Utah

2404658 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
63	Chinese	11155	0.46%
13	German	9836	0.41%
109	Navajo	9369	0.39%
7	French	8376	0.35%
12	Portuguese	7934	0.33%
101	Tongan	6111	0.25%
74	Vietnamese	4909	0.20%
69	Korean	4532	0.19%
68	Japanese	4399	0.18%
25	Russian	4289	0.18%

Virginia

7183318 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
82	Korean	53200	0.74%
75	Chinese	44610	0.62%
87	Vietnamese	42036	0.59%
100	Tagalog	40080	0.56%
135	African languages	39216	0.55%
7	French	35397	0.49%
133	Arabic	29256	0.41%
15	German	25887	0.36%
44	Persian	22794	0.32%
47	Urdu	21087	0.29%

Vermont

588245 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
8	French	10474	1.78%
13	German	2690	0.46%
28	Serbocroatian	1326	0.23%
25	Russian	1077	0.18%
10	Italian	823	0.14%
57	Chinese	798	0.14%
67	Vietnamese	583	0.10%
26	Polish	569	0.10%
12	Portuguese	512	0.09%

Washington

6029673 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
73	Chinese	68083	1.13%
86	Vietnamese	52496	0.87%
81	Korean	49441	0.82%
102	Tagalog	47783	0.79%
29	Russian	47252	0.78%
15	German	32928	0.55%
166	African languages	29105	0.48%
80	Japanese	22685	0.38%
8	French	22236	0.37%
37	Ukrainian	17175	0.28%

Wisconsin

5243435 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
14	German	37573	0.72%
77	Hmong	32657	0.62%
7	French	11294	0.22%
69	Chinese	10674	0.20%
31	Polish	9801	0.19%
30	Russian	6946	0.13%
11	Italian	5458	0.10%
126	Arabic	5180	0.10%
79	Laotian	4683	0.09%

West Virginia

1705879 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
8	French	2976	0.17%
13	German	2101	0.12%
60	Chinese	1576	0.09%
10	Italian	1562	0.09%
78	Tagalog	1254	0.07%
93	Arabic	1054	0.06%
71	Vietnamese	1026	0.06%
65	Japanese	973	0.06%
42	Urdu	680	0.04%
66	Korean	546	0.03%

Wyoming

487031 adult speakers

	Language	Speakers	Percent
13	German	1850	0.38%
8	French	1427	0.29%
66	Arapaho	963	0.20%
46	Chinese	578	0.12%
49	Japanese	539	0.11%
24	Russian	464	0.10%
23	Greek	377	0.08%
58	Tagalog	348	0.07%
72	Shoshoni	348	0.07%
71	Dakota	314	0.06%